Kyu Shiba Rikyu Gardens, Kiyosumi Gardens, and Kyu Yasuda Garden also used to have tidal ponds. However, Hama-rikyu Gardens is currently the only one where seawater actually flows in and out.
This is a representative daimyo garden from the Edo period, featuring a tidal pond that draws in seawater from Tokyo Bay and two duck hunting grounds.
A tidal pond is a style typically used in seaside gardens, where seawater is drawn in and the appearance of the pond changes with the ebb and flow of the tide.
Kyu Shiba Rikyu Gardens, Kiyosumi Gardens, and Kyu Yasuda Garden also used to have tidal ponds. However, Hama-rikyu Gardens is currently the only one where seawater actually flows in and out.
This area was originally a hawking ground for the shogunate family, covered in reeds. The first residence built here was by Matsudaira Tsunashige, the lord of Kofu and younger brother of the fourth shogun, Ietsuna.
In 1654, Tsunashige received permission from the shogun to reclaim land from the sea and build a detached residence called Kofu Hama Yashiki. Later, when Tsunashige’s son, Tsunatoyo (Ienobu), became the sixth shogun, this residence became a detached palace of the shogunate family and its name was changed to Hama Goten.
Since then, successive shoguns undertook several landscaping and renovation projects, and the garden largely took on its current form during the time of the eleventh shogun, Ienari.
After the Meiji Restoration, it became an imperial detached palace and its name was changed to Hama-rikyu. Later, due to the Great Kanto Earthquake and wartime damage, valuable structures such as tea houses were burned down and trees were damaged, losing its former appearance. However, it was granted to Tokyo Metropolitan Government, restored, and opened to the public for a fee.
It has been designated as a National Special Place of Scenic Beauty and Special Historic Site based on the Cultural Properties Protection Law of Japan.